6. Create

The goal will be to create a CRUD of Endpoints (add-read-update-delete) with Book to read and manage it in all the ways we need.

The first goal will be to define an Endpoint to create a new book (POST). We start by creating a new test.

# tests/libros/test_views.py

import pytest
from app.libros.models import Libros

@pytest.mark.django_db
def test_add_libro(client):
    # Given
    libros = Libros.objects.all()
    assert len(libros) == 0

    # When
    resp = client.post(
        "/api/libros/",
        {
            "title": "El fin de la eternidad",
            "genre": "Ciencia Ficción",
            "author": "Isaac Asimov",
            "year": "1955",
        },
        content_type="application/json"
    )

    # Then
    assert resp.status_code == 201
    assert resp.data["title"] == "El fin de la eternidad"

    libros = Libros.objects.all()
    assert len(libros) == 1

When you run it, it will fail, as always (for more information you can see my explanation of TDD).

We update the view.

# app/libros/views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView # new
from rest_framework.response import Response # new
from rest_framework import status # new
from .serializers import LibroSerializer # new

def ping(request):
    data = {"ping": "pong!"}
    return JsonResponse(data)

# new from here
class LibrosList(APIView):

    def post(self, request):
        serializer = LibroSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
# new up to here

To separate the urls of the different applications, we are going to create a route in the urls.py of libros.

# app/libros/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from app.libros.views import ping, LibrosList

urlpatterns = [
    path("ping/", ping, name="ping"),
    path("api/libros/", LibrosList.as_view()),
]

Meanwhile, inside proyecto/urls.py we will call the routes of all the applications. In this case only admin and libros.

# proyecto/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include # new

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("", include("app.libros.urls")), # new
]

Now the test will run.

pytest -k views

Another option is to use an HTTP client like curl or HTTPie.

# curl
curl -XPOST -H "Content-type: application/json" -d '{
    "title": "El fin de la eternidad",
    "genre": "Ciencia Ficción",
    "author": "Isaac Asimov",
    "year": 1955
}' http://localhost:8000/api/libros/

# HTTPie
http --json \
POST http://localhost:8000/api/libros/ \
title="El fin de la eternidad" \
genre="Ciencia Ficción" \
author="Isaac Asimov" \
year=1955

It will return.

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Allow: POST, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 192
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2021 21:30:04 GMT
Referrer-Policy: same-origin
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.9.2
Vary: Accept, Cookie
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY

{
    "author": "Isaac Asimov",
    "created_at": "2021-07-11T21:30:04.088124Z",
    "genre": "Ciencia Ficción",
    "id": 1,
    "title": "El fin de la eternidad",
    "updated_at": "2021-07-11T21:30:04.088160Z",
    "year": "1955"
}